Giới từ & trạng từ (Part 5, 6)
Các cụm giới từ, phrasal verbs và trạng từ đi kèm cố định hay ra trong bài thi TOEIC Part 5, 6.
advancement /ədˈvænsmənt/
- career advancementEasy to career advancement, meaning to move headlong at high speed
- avenues for career advancementMedium describing avenues for career advancement (a line of approach)
- technological advancement in automationHard describing technological advancement in automation (based in scientific and industrial progress)
- contribute to the advancement of knowledgeVery Hard to contribute to the advancement of knowledge, meaning to bestow a quality on
advantage /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/
- have an advantageEasy to possess, experience, or hold regarding an advantage
- gain a competitive advantageMedium to gain a competitive advantage, meaning to obtain
- exploit comparative advantageHard to exploit comparative advantage, meaning to use or manipulate to one's advantage
- turn adversity to strategic advantageVery Hard to turn adversity to strategic advantage, meaning to change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense
- take advantage ofEasy to perform, accept, or undertake an action regarding advantage of
appreciate /əˈpriʃiˌeɪt/
- appreciate your helpEasy to appreciate your help, meaning to recognize with gratitude; be grateful for
- greatly appreciate your timely feedbackMedium describing greatly appreciate your timely feedback (to an extraordinary extent or degree)
- assets appreciate significantly over timeHard describing assets appreciate significantly over time (anything of material value or usefulness that is owned by a person or company)
- fail to appreciate the gravity of the situationVery Hard to fail to appreciate the gravity of the situation, meaning to fail to do something; leave something undone
- greatly appreciatedEasy describing greatly appreciated (to an extraordinary extent or degree)
approval /əˈpruvəl/
- need parental approvalEasy to need parental approval, meaning to require as useful, just, or proper
- subject to managerial approvalMedium to subject to managerial approval, meaning to cause to experience or suffer or make liable or vulnerable to
- gain final regulatory approvalHard to gain final regulatory approval, meaning to obtain
- nod of approval from institutional shareholdersVery Hard to nod of approval from institutional shareholders, meaning to express or signify by nodding
be /bi/
- be on timeEasy to exist or be in a specified condition regarding on time
- be responsible for project deliveryMedium to exist or be in a specified condition regarding responsible for project delivery
- be subject to regulatory scrutinyHard to exist or be in a specified condition regarding subject to regulatory scrutiny
- to be or not to be dilemmatic crossroadsVery Hard a collocation phrase: to be or not to be dilemmatic crossroads
behalf /bɪˈhæf/
- call on behalf of my friendEasy to telephone as an authorized representative for a peer
- sign contracts on behalf of the companyMedium to endorse agreements as an official corporate proxy
- advocate on behalf of minority shareholdersHard to champion the interests of smaller non-controlling investors
- intervene on behalf of public interestVery Hard to step in to protect the general welfare of the community
charge /tʃɑrdʒ/
- free of extra delivery chargeEasy to free of extra delivery charge, meaning to grant freedom to; free from confinement
- put an experienced officer in charge of teamMedium to put an experienced officer in charge of team, meaning to put into a certain place or abstract location
- levy punitive financial interest chargesHard to levy punitive financial interest charges, meaning to impose and collect
- lead the desperate cavalry charge courageouslyVery Hard to guide, direct, or be in charge of regarding the desperate cavalry charge courageously
commit /kəˈmɪt/
- commit to healthy daily morning walking routinesEasy to commit to healthy daily morning walking routines, meaning to perform an act, usually with a negative connotation
- commit sufficient corporate financial resources to developmentMedium to commit sufficient corporate financial resources to development, meaning to perform an act, usually with a negative connotation
- commit resources without securing prior budgetary clearanceHard to commit resources without securing prior budgetary clearance, meaning to perform an act, usually with a negative connotation
- commit blatant perjury during grand jury testimonyVery Hard to commit blatant perjury during grand jury testimony, meaning to perform an act, usually with a negative connotation
- be committed toEasy to exist or be in a specified condition regarding committed to
decline /dɪˈklaɪn/
- decline an invitationEasy to decline an invitation, meaning to grow worse
- decline in quarterly profitsMedium to decline in quarterly profits, meaning to grow worse
- steep decline in market shareHard to steep decline in market share, meaning to devote (oneself) fully to
- precipitous decline threatening collapseVery Hard describing precipitous decline threatening collapse (done with very great haste and without due deliberation; - Shakespeare; - Arthur Geddes)
- sharply declineHard describing sharply decline (in an aggressive manner)
eligible /ˈelɪdʒəbl/
- eligible to voteEasy describing eligible to vote (qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen)
- eligible for promotionMedium describing eligible for promotion (qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen)
- eligible for reimbursementHard describing eligible for reimbursement (qualified for or allowed or worthy of being chosen)
- deemed eligible for exemptionVery Hard to deemed eligible for exemption, meaning to keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view
- be eligible forEasy to exist or be in a specified condition regarding eligible for
entitle /ɛnˈtaɪtəl/
- entitle to a discountEasy to entitle to a discount, meaning to give the right to
- entitle employees to leaveMedium to entitle employees to leave, meaning to give the right to
- legally entitle to compensationHard describing legally entitle to compensation (by law; conforming to the law)
- entitle creditors to priority liquidationVery Hard to entitle creditors to priority liquidation, meaning to give the right to
- be entitled toMedium to exist or be in a specified condition regarding entitled to
equip /ɪˈkwɪp/
- equip with toolsEasy to equip with tools, meaning to provide with (something) usually for a specific purpose
- fully equip the workshopMedium describing fully equip the workshop (to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (`full' in this sense is used as a combining form))
- equip managers with skillsHard to equip managers with skills, meaning to provide with (something) usually for a specific purpose
- suitably equip to handle insolvencyVery Hard describing suitably equip to handle insolvency (in an appropriate manner)
- fully equippedEasy describing fully equipped (to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (`full' in this sense is used as a combining form))
familiar /fəˈmɪljɚ/
- familiar faceEasy describing familiar face (a person attached to the household of a high official (as a pope or bishop) who renders service in return for support)
- familiar with the softwareMedium describing familiar with the software (a person attached to the household of a high official (as a pope or bishop) who renders service in return for support)
- thoroughly familiar with trade lawHard describing thoroughly familiar with trade law (in an exhaustive manner)
- ring a familiar bell in forensic auditVery Hard to ring a familiar bell in forensic audit, meaning to sound loudly and sonorously
- be familiar withEasy to exist or be in a specified condition regarding familiar with
highly /ˈhaɪli/
- highly recommendedEasy describing highly recommended (to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect)
- highly qualified applicantMedium describing highly qualified applicant (to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect)
- highly confidential memoHard describing highly confidential memo (to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect)
- speak highly of someone's integrityVery Hard to speak highly of someone's integrity, meaning to express in speech
in /ɪn/
- in time for dinnerEasy indicating a state, position, or relationship within time for dinner
- in advance of the deadlineMedium indicating a state, position, or relationship within advance of the deadline
- in accordance with regulationsHard indicating a state, position, or relationship within accordance with regulations
- in the blink of an eyeVery Hard indicating a state, position, or relationship within the blink of an eye
increase /ˌɪnˈkris/
- increase salesEasy to make or become greater regarding sales
- sharp increase in operating costsMedium describing sharp increase in operating costs (a musical notation indicating one half step higher than the note named)
- exponential increase in transactionsHard describing exponential increase in transactions (a function in which an independent variable appears as an exponent)
- increase tenfold against formidable oddsVery Hard to make or become greater regarding tenfold against formidable odds
- significantly increaseMedium describing significantly increase (in a statistically significant way)
maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/
- maintain good healthEasy to keep in good condition or preserve regarding good health
- maintain equipment regularlyMedium to keep in good condition or preserve regarding equipment regularly
- maintain strict fiscal disciplineHard to keep in good condition or preserve regarding strict fiscal discipline
- maintain composure under hostile questioningVery Hard to keep in good condition or preserve regarding composure under hostile questioning
- properly maintainedMedium describing properly maintained (in the right manner)
monitor /ˈmɑnətɚ/
- computer monitorEasy describing computer monitor (a machine for performing calculations automatically)
- monitor progress on key milestonesMedium to monitor progress on key milestones, meaning to keep tabs on; keep an eye on; keep under surveillance
- continuous environmental monitor systems setupHard describing continuous environmental monitor systems setup (continuing in time or space without interruption; - James Jeans)
- monitor regulatory compliance with eagle-eyed vigilanceVery Hard to monitor regulatory compliance with eagle-eyed vigilance, meaning to keep tabs on; keep an eye on; keep under surveillance
- closely monitorMedium describing closely monitor (in a close relation or position in time or space)
promptly /ˈprɑmptli/
- reply to customer inquiries promptlyEasy to reply to customer inquiries promptly, meaning to react verbally
- arrive promptly at nine o'clockMedium to arrive promptly at nine o'clock, meaning to reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress
- promptly remediate cybersecurity vulnerabilitiesHard describing promptly remediate cybersecurity vulnerabilities (with little or no delay)
- promptly dismissed on ethical misconduct groundsVery Hard describing promptly dismissed on ethical misconduct grounds (with little or no delay)
- promptly respondEasy describing promptly respond (with little or no delay)
ready /ˈrɛdi/
- get ready for schoolEasy to obtain, receive, or reach regarding ready for school
- order ready for pickupMedium to order ready for pickup, meaning to give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority
- readily available for immediate deploymentHard describing readily available for immediate deployment (without much difficulty)
- launch when we are good and readyVery Hard to introduce or start commercially regarding when we are good and ready
regardless /rəˈɡɑrdləs/
- regardless of weatherEasy describing regardless of weather ((usually followed by `of') without due thought or consideration)
- finish the task regardless of delaysMedium to finish the task regardless of delays, meaning to come or bring to a finish or an end
- forge ahead regardless of external skepticismHard to forge ahead regardless of external skepticism, meaning to create by hammering
- soldier on stoically regardless of crushing adversityVery Hard to soldier on stoically regardless of crushing adversity, meaning to serve as a soldier in the military
response /rɪˈspɑns/
- quick response to a messageEasy describing quick response to a message (any area of the body that is highly sensitive to pain (as the flesh underneath the skin or a fingernail or toenail))
- receive an overwhelmingly positive responseMedium to receive an overwhelmingly positive response, meaning to get something; come into possession of
- formulate a robust crisis response frameworkHard to formulate a robust crisis response framework, meaning to elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses
- in response to overwhelming public clamorVery Hard indicating a state, position, or relationship within response to overwhelming public clamor
result /rɪˈzʌlt/
- test results came outEasy to test results came out, meaning to put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to
- achieve positive results this quarterMedium to successfully accomplish or reach regarding positive results this quarter
- the crisis resulted from chronic lack of oversightHard referring to the crisis resulted from chronic lack of oversight
- yield tangible results commensurate with colossal investmentVery Hard to yield tangible results commensurate with colossal investment, meaning to be the cause or source of
- as a result ofEasy describing as a result of (a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar)
strictly /ˈstrɪktli/
- strictly prohibitedEasy describing strictly prohibited (restricted to something)
- enforce company rules strictlyMedium to enforce company rules strictly, meaning to ensure observance of laws and rules
- strictly bound by fiduciary dutiesHard describing strictly bound by fiduciary duties (restricted to something)
- interpret the statute strictly according to original textVery Hard to interpret the statute strictly according to original text, meaning to make sense of; assign a meaning to